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Install Python 3 on MacOSHistorically MacOS came preinstalled with Python 2, however starting with ( released in October 2019) this is no longer the case. And since as of January 1, 2020, you should really use Python 3 instead.There are multiple ways to install Python 3 on a MacOS computer. The official Python website even recommends, however this approach can cause confusion around PATH variables, updates, and uninstalls. A better approach, in my opinion, is to instead use the popular package manager which automates updates and juggling multiple versions of Python on a computer. Is Python 3 already installed?Before we start, make sure Python 3 isn’t already installed on your computer.
Open up the command line via the application which is located at Applications - Utilities - Terminal.Then type the command python -version followed by the Enter key to see the currently installed version of Python. $ python -versionPython 2.7.17Note: The dollar sign, ( $), indicates user input. Everything after is intended to be typed by the user followed by the Enter key. Any output, such as Python 2.7.17 in this case, does not have a dollar sign in front.In short: don’t type $ before your commands!It’s possible that Python 3 may have already been installed as python3. Run the command python3 -version to check, however most likely this will throw an error. Install XCodeThe first step for Python 3 is to install Apple’s program which is necessary for iOS development as well as most programming tasks.
We will use XCode to install Homebrew.In your Terminal app, run the following command to install XCode and its command-line tools. $ pythonPython 2.7.17 (default, Oct 24 2019, 12:57:38)GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 11.0.0 (clang-1100.0.33.8) on darwinType 'help', 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information.Virtual EnvironmentsBy default, Python packages are installed globally on your computer in a single directory. This can cause major problems when working on multiple Python projects!For example, image you have Project A that relies upon Django 1.11 whereas Project B uses Django 2.2. If you naively installed Django on your computer, only the latest install would be present and available in that single directory. Then consider that most Python projects rely on multiple packages that each have their own version numbers. There’s simply no way to keep everything straight and not inadvertently break things with the wrong package versions.The solution is to use a virtual environment for each project, an isolated directory, rather than installing Python packages globally.Confusingly, there are multiple tools for virtual environments in Python:. is available by default on Python 3.3+.
must be installed separately but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+. is a higher-level tool that automatically manages a separate virtual environment for each projectOn MacOS we can install Pipenv with Homebrew.
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